Group Decision Making Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collective choice Making Process - Essay Example As there weren't any characterized various leveled structure inside the gathering, so the individual and tyrant dynamic methodology were inapplicable in this circumstance. It was somewhat that we utilized the agreement dynamic model, as all every individual from our gathering is an expert who has his own perspectives on the issue, and who can make important commitment to understanding it. Before settling on a choice we tuned in for the entirety of the recommendations the individuals from our gathering had, and afterward we took the most significant from the entirety of the proposals we heard. Toward the finish of this stage, everything which we chose was worth consideration was recorded, and than we built up a technique of activities as indicated by all the data assembled. In this manner the outcome we got was an aftereffect of genuine gathering work, however without the inclinations of the oblivious compliance wonder. One of the trademark highlights of cooperative choice creation process is that a decent procedure itself doesn't ensure the great result, and, in actuality, confused dynamic procedure doesn't generally bring about a terrible choice. Cooperative choice creation process is substantially more confounded than the individual one, because of the way that there are a few people in the gathering whose perspectives must be viewed as when settling on a choice.

Lacrosse Essay Example For Students

Lacrosse Essay Lacrosse is one of numerous assortments of stickball games being played by American Indians when Europeans started coming to America. Totally a male group activity, it is unique in relation to the others, similar to handle hockey or roller hockey, by the utilization of a got racquet with which to take the ball out the ground, catch and toss it into or past an objective to score a point. The standards of lacrosse are basically that the ball, with hardly any special cases, can not be contacted with the hands. Early information on lacrosse, from teachers like French Jesuits in Huron nation, is dubious and regularly unique in relation to source to source. Their data is for the most part about group size, hardware utilized, and the length of games and length of playing fields yet say next to no regarding stick dealing with, game system, or the principles of play. The most established sticks are from the principal quarter of the nineteenth century, and the primary point by point investigates Indian lacrosse are much later. George Beers gave great data on Mohawk playing methods in his Lacrosse (1869), while James Mooney in the American Anthropologist (1890) portrayed in detail the Eastern Cherokee Ball-Play, including its legend, customs, and the principles and groundwork for play. Given the little measure of information and ambiguity of early guidelines, we will presumably always be unable to reproduce the historical backdrop of the game (darn J). Associating it to the elastic ball rounds of Meso-America or to a considerably more seasoned game utilizing a solitary post secured by some creature stow away and played together by people is likely, however not 100% constructive. As can best be resolved, the spread of lacrosse demonstrates it to have been played all through the eastern portion of North America, for the most part by clans in the southeast, around the western Great Lakes, and in the St. Lawrence Valley zone. Its quality today in Oklahoma and different states west of the Mississippi demonstrates ancestral ceremonies to those regions in the nineteenth century. Despite the fact that accounts exist of some type of lacrosse between northern California and British Columbia clans, the late date brings the inquiries of any obvious connect to the early game. From the hardware, the sort of objective utilized and the stick taking care of methods, it is conceivable to figure three fundamental types of lacrosse: the southeastern, Great Lakes, and Iroquoian. Among southeastern clans (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole, Yuchi and others (to numerous to compose)), a twofold stick form of the game is as yet polished. A more than two foot stick is held in each hand, and the delicate, little deerskin ball is gotten and held in the middle of them. Extraordinary Lakes players (Ojibwe, Menominee, Potawatomi, Sauk, Fox, Miami, Winnebago, Santee Dakota (again to many)) utilized a solitary three-foot stick. On the end is a round, shut pocket around three to four creeps in breadth, very little bigger than the ball, which was typically made of wood, scorched and cut into shape. The northeastern stick, found in Iroquoian and New England clans, is the ancestor of all present-day sticks, both in box just as field lacrosse. The longest of any of th em (normally multiple feet!) it was know by its pole finishing in a kind of twist and an enormous, level triangular surface of webbing stretching out as much as 66% the length of the stick. Where strings meet the pole, it shapes the pocket of the stick. (Note: This is kinda odd on the grounds that this stick required less expertise then the other yet the individuals who played with this stick could frequently beat the other teams)Lacrosse was given its name by early French pioneers and voyagers, utilizing the nonexclusive term for any game played with a bended stick (crosse) and a ball. Local language, be that as it may, portray more the procedure (Onondaga DEHUNTSHIGWAES, men hit an adjusted article *grunt*) or, particularly in the southeast, to show the games parts of war methodology (younger sibling of war). There is no proof of non-Indians taking up the game until the mid-nineteenth century, when English-speaking Montrealers received the Mohawk game they knew about from Caughnaw auga and Akwesasne (clans), endeavored to cultivate the game with another arrangement of rules and compose into novice clubs. When the game immediately developed in ubiquity in Canada, it started to be traded all through the Commonwealth, as non-local groups made a trip to Europe for show matches against Iroquois players. Since Indians needed to charge cash so as to travel, they were barred as experts from worldwide rivalry for over a century L. Just with the production of the Iroquois Nationals during the 1980s did they effectively break this boundary and become qualified to contend in World Games. .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 , .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .postImageUrl , .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 , .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:hover , .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:visited , .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:active { border:0!important; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:active , .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf9d6 4af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf9d64af8402384feb69fbb97693d6ce2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Type of air contamination, framed when oxides of sulfu EssayApart from all the fun, lacrosse customarily assumed an increasingly genuine job in Indian culture. Its beginnings are known uniquely in legend, and the game keeps on being utilized for holy purposes and encompassed with function. Sorcerers still customarily get ready game gear and players, and group determination and triumph are regularly considered powerfully controlled. Before, lacrosse likewise served to vent animosity, and regional questions between clans were some of the time settled with a game, despite the fact that not in every case decently. A Creek v ersus Choctaw game around 1790 to decide rights over a beaver lake broke out into a fierce fight when the Creeks were pronounced victors. All things considered, while most of the games finished serenely, a significant part of the ceremonialism encompassing their arrangements and the customs expected of the players were indistinguishable from those drilled before withdrawing looking for trouble. So fundamentally lacrosse is a decent reason to go out on the field and battle with other peoplecool!A number of reasons prompted the fall of lacrosse in numerous zones by the late nineteenth century. Wagering on games had consistently been essential to an Indian communitys contribution, however when wagering and viciousness considered a to be as customary Indian culture was disintegrating, it started resistance to lacrosse from government authorities and preachers. The games were felt to meddle with chapel participation and the betting to have a devastating impact on the Indians. At the poin t when Oklahoma Choctaw started to append lead loads to their sticks around 1900 to utilize them as skull-saltines, the game was inside and out prohibited. LOL!Meanwhile, the spread of non-local lacrosse from the Montreal zone in the end prompted its position today worldwide as one of the quickest developing games (the greater part a million players), constrained by authentic guidelines and played with fabricated as opposed to hand-made equipmentthe aluminum shafted stay with its plastic head, for instance. While the Great Lakes conventional game ceased to exist by 1950, the Iroquois and southeastern clans keep on playing their own types of lacrosse. Strangely, the field lacrosse match-up of non-local ladies today most intently takes after the Indian round of the past, holding the wooden stick, without the defensive rigging and explicit sidelines of the mens game, and tending towards mass assault instead of field positions and off sides (that is what the game ought to be about right ?). Taking everything into account lacrosse is a fair game with an extensive foundation and requiring extraordinary ability (and fearlessness could u envision getting smacked in the head with one of those wooden balls!?). List of sources:

Waking Up Stressed How to Cure a Stress Hangover

Waking Up Stressed How to Cure a Stress Hangover Stress Management Management Techniques Print Waking Up Stressed? How to Cure a Stress Hangover If You Are Hit With Stress In The Morning, Here Is How To Reset Your Day By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on June 27, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Leftover morning stress doesnt need to color your day. Atli Mar Hafsteinsson/Cultura/Getty Images Have you ever felt like you’ve had “one of those days” before the day has really even begun? Some days can be so stressful that we still feel stressed when we wake up the next morning, though all we’ve experienced for the last several hours is sleep. At times, the stress of a day can plague your dreams so your night feels anything but restful as the challenges of the day become characters in your stress-fueled dreams. Other days are set up to be so busy or challenging that we feel the weight of them as soon as we wake up. How can we manage these “stressed before we become stressed” feelings and have a better day? The following strategies can help you to make the most of each day, and let the stress roll off your back. Meditations Meditation itself is a powerful tool for stress relief. It can be a particularly powerful tool to combat that “stress hangover” feeling because it can pull you out of what you are thinking and feeling, and provide some mental and emotional distance between you and the stressors that are troubling. Certain meditation techniques can be particularly useful for the early morning hours because they can set you up to experience positive feelings for the rest of the day. I recommend the following meditation techniques for those mornings when you’d like to feel less stressed and more positive. See which work best for you. Loving-Kindness MeditationMusic MeditationMantra Meditation (Tip: choose an empowering word like “hope.”) Cultivate Gratitude Cultivating a feeling of gratitude can help you to feel more peace throughout the day, and is particularly useful at night. If you wake up and feel stressed already, it can be very helpful to counteract that with feelings of gratitude. Try to keep a gratitude journal You can count the things you are looking forward to in the day, the things you’re already grateful you have, or the people who make your life better, and feel more positive as you focus on it all. If you habitually wake up feeling stressed, a little pre-bedtime gratitude journaling can be an effective buffer between you and stress. Try keeping a gratitude journal, and write down a list of things that youre grateful for each night. You may find that you experience more peaceful sleep as a result. Set Goals When you wake up feeling overwhelmed from the day you have ahead, sometimes making a plan can mean the difference between a day of low-grade anxiety over how everything can get done, and a day that is merely busy. If you wake up feeling generalized stress, setting goals for the day can help you to find a focus that can motivates you to be productive and feel less stressed. If you wake up ruminating about negative situations from the day before or anxious about challenges to come, focusing on goals can help to take your mind away from these things as well. Try these goal-setting tips Use Music The act of listening to music, whether you’re doing so actively or have it on in the background, can lower your stress levels almost immediately. Because of this, music is a very convenient and powerful tool to help with stress relief: it can help you to feel more energized, more peaceful, more cheerful, or more of many stress-combating emotions. Because music can affect your physiology and your mood with very little conscious effort from you, it’s great to have on in the car while you start your day, or in your house when you get ready to go. (If you anticipate a difficult morning, consider using a song that will put you in a good mood as an alarm!) The following are specific guidelines to follow to make the most of music as a stress relief tool. See how to use music as a stress relief tool.  Get Some Exercise Exercise can boost mood, change focus, and leave you feeling good for the rest of the day. It’s also great for your health, so incorporating quick workouts as part of your morning routine can be helpful in many ways. Learn about the benefits of exercise here, and think about what type of physical activity might work best for you: walking, jogging, or a home gym routine can all be convenient options for the morning. (If you’re very busy, high-intensity interval training can provide virtually the same benefits of longer workouts in a fraction of the time, so exercise need not take up your whole morning.) Exercise allows you to clear your mind and prime your body for the day ahead, so it’s highly recommended as a stress reliever for those difficult mornings. Learn more about why exercise is a terrific stress reliever  Build Rewards Into Your Day Sometimes the key to a stressful start to a day is knowing that things will get better. The act of anticipating a positive experience can infuse greater joy into the hours until it happens, so the key to brightening your morning can be making a plan to reward yourself at the end of the day. There are many incentives you can give yourself, and you probably already know what you’d like: dinner at your favorite restaurant, watching a re-run of your favorite show, a chat with a friend, or whatever you enjoy. Give yourself something to look forward to at the end of the day and you’ll enjoy the day more as you go! 6 Stress-Free Ways to Start Your Day

Beowulf, More Siegmund or Hermond - 974 Words

Beowulf, more Siegmund or Hermond? In the story of Beowulf, Beowulf just killed Grendel and the story tellers were telling stories of two different men. One was Hermod who was â€Å"granted greater strength than anyone† (Beowulf 1717). He, â€Å"ignored all wise men’s warnings,/Ruled only with courage† (Beowulf 907-908). In the end his pride had lead him to exile and ultimately to his death. Siegmund was a courageous, brave, and famous warrior who fought giants, monsters, and a treasure-rich dragon. His fame would last beyond his lifetime. Although Hermod and Siegmund were two different types of people, Beowulf’s life reflects both at different times of his life. In parts of Beowulf, Beowulf’s life relates more to Siegmund. In the beginning†¦show more content†¦During the fight he is unable to defeat the dragon and realizes he must give his strength back and that his life is over. At this point of the book Beowulf greatly resembles Hermod. Hermod s story had said, â₠¬Å"he was once the mightiest/ Of men† (Beowulf 901), meaning he was a strong warrior. The story said he also, â€Å"ignored all wise men’s warnings, ruled only with courage† (Beowulf 907-908). Hermod ignored all wise men’s warnings about pride and ruled by his courage alone. Hermod’s, â€Å"vanity swelled him so vile and rank/ That he could hear no voices but his own† (Beowulf 911-912). His pride was so great he could not hear anyone but himself. Showing that Hermod, like Beowulf, didn’t take wise men’s advice. In the end, they both reach their defeat due to their pride and not taking wise men’s advice. In the story of Beowulf there are accounts of two men, Hermod and Siegmund. Different points of Beowulf’s life refect both of these men’s lives. Beowulf, like Siegmund, was a mighty warrior, fought many monsters, had fame beyond his life, and fought a dragon. He also greatly resembled Hermod as well. Beowulf and Hermod both ignored wise men’s warnings and allowed pride to lead to their defeats. Although Hermod and Siegmund were two different types of people, Beowulf’s life reflects both at different times and aspects of his

Essay about Effective Foreshadowing in Flannery...

Effective Foreshadowing in Flannery O’Connor’s Greenleaf â€Å"Mrs. May’s bedroom window was low and faced on the east and the bull, silvered in the moonlight, stood under it, his head raised as if he listened- like some patient god come down to woo her- for a stir inside her room. The window was dark and the sound of her breathing too light to be carried outside. Clouds crossing the room blackened him and in the dark he began to tear at the hedge. Presently they passed and he appeared again in the same spot, chewing steadily, with a hedge-wreath that he had ripped loose for himself caught in the tips of his horns. When the moon drifted into retirement again, there was nothing to mark his place but the sound of steady chewing. Then†¦show more content†¦Her murderer, â€Å"some nigger’s scrub bull†(311), is here to stay. He is not a fleeting image at her window side. Rather, he is â€Å"patient†, â€Å"[appears] again in the same spot†, and is twice described by the modifier â€Å"steady†. In addition, the bull seems to transcend ideas of time and nature’s cycles. Although, in the first paragaph he only outlasts one cycle of the moon emerging and retracting, his unwavering presence characterizes him as a survivor. If the bull is a survivor, then Mrs. May is a victim. In contrast to the bull, she is vulnerable and defenseless. Her window â€Å"was low† and her breathing â€Å"was light†. She is the recipient of the action, as opposed to the giver. The bull watches her and presents his horns, the instrument of her forthcoming death. Mrs. May, as with her death, has no choice in the matter. There is nothing she can do but be watched and presented to. The ideas of the dominator and dominated evident in the word choice of the paragraph hint at the mechanics of Mrs. May’s murder. When the bull takes her life in the story’s final scene, she is penetrated by the horns that were presented to her on the first night outside her window. Repetition, although subtle, is evident in the paragraph. The word â€Å"window† is repeated three times, and â€Å"chewing† is repeated twice. The repetition is not particularly noticeable upon first reading of this paragraph because the words appear in different structural areasShow MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesFirst=person point of view has its advantages, however, not the least of which is the marvelous sense of immediacy, credibility, and psychological realism that autobiographical storytelling always carries with it. No other point of view is more effective in its capacity for eliciting the reader’s direct intellectual and emotional involvement in the teller and the tale. The first person narrator is frequently not the protagonist, but rather a character whose role in the plot is clearly secondary

Assess the part played by socialisation in the development of gender roles and identities Free Essays

string(81) " that chaps readily embrace employment, and are by default blind to this effect\." My scorn-bound edition of Chambers Concise defines socialisation as â€Å"the act or process of socialising: the process by which infants and young children become aware of society and their relationship with others1† Haralambos and Holborn2 are more comprehensive in their definition: socialisation applies to individuals and is a collection of lifelong actions and changes. Social studies of socialisation’s impact upon gender roles and identities have been carried out in the modern western world3 and amongst the less densely populated and differing culture of the tribespeople of New Guinea4. The purchasing of toys, clothes, linguistic application and the direction to specified acts of play have been interpreted by Ann Oakley as culturally produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the part played by socialisation in the development of gender roles and identities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Margaret Mead concluded from the behaviour of the three tribes she studied, that cultural choice was the driving factor with reference to adoption of gender-active norms and values. This social construct is proceeded by physical construction: obligatory nine month stay in the womb, gene-penning and receiving delivery of testosterone or oestrogen. Goldberg5 and Wilson are proponents of the view that biological determinism has a part to play, with relation to chemical influence on passive/aggressive behavioural development, and on the varying abilities of the sexes. Genetic instruction Wilson types, means men are more promiscuous due to evolutionary related urges and that women are more involved in child-care. 6 Those social scientists putting forward the importance of the ‘nature’ perspective in this area are of number and both Talcott Parsons and John Bowlby have put forward sensible arguments. In this spaces, I hope to communicate my fine understanding of gender roles, identities and the evolution of, rather than biology, present here only because of the enhanced visibility of the matter. Ann Oakley3 whom I mentioned earlier based her findings on a study by Ruth Hartley around infants in a contemporary trading communities. Oakley wrote that at a young age, children’s self-concept was affected through a childwear fashion manipulation. This adherence to bigger cultural norms is further expanded upon with the over-suggested direction in relation to playthings and the passive/aggressive (or submissive/dominant) images they bring. This closure of activity choice leads to a path of exposure to activity, one that is pre-defined according to stereotypes with a cautious ward glance according to gender identify. With mother and father is another primary socialiser – a black box window which brings sounds and pictures from the world around. â€Å"Television: comforter, nurturer, provider7† D. M. Meehan’s study of shows like Dynasty and Dallas detected ten female character types, divided into roles that were good (submissive, sensitive and domesticated) or bad (rebellious, independent and selfish). This content analysis study of fiction serials8 brings to light the low-brow targeting of the shows, the addictive nature of the message (as the ‘soap opera/drama’ form intends) is one of stagnation, gender identity is enforced by advice of repetition to the same message. In the real world, bra-burning doesn’t exist as part of Women’s Liberation, rape is treated sensationally and given too much word count : one wonders of the extent to which the media folk set the agenda, correlating improvement in purchases of automobiles. Women’s media too, deals with ‘soft news’ (such as family and fashion). This most public of images is the ideology the child finds in doctor’s waiting rooms when out of comic books or toys to play with, and their views of the world are further preformed. Not that comicbooklets are much better with reference to representation. Alan Moores semiological analysis9 has findings in common with Meehans. In US comicbooklets, male characters are often ubermensch, attention centre and the only purpose of a woman in a comic is to be ‘rescued’: a convenient plot device, they constantly divert the superheroes attention from worthier matters. Female characters who are strong (as with younger characters) are mere appendixes to their male counterparts- in the days of Moore’s study Batwoman, Batgirl, Spiderwoman, Supergirl, WonderWoman and She-Hulk were most devoid of any personality that singled them out as fully constructed characters. A study of the teenage girls magazine ‘Jackie’ found results which Angela McRobbie refers to as ‘the ideology of romance’10 : connotive and denotive casting spells of a restricted house based future, moving to marriage and child bearing and rearing. The quest for (wealthy pop media idol) boys paints on a culture of feminity to which digression is prevented and reinforced by labelling. Oakley’s findings are backed up by two major studies of comprehensive school age. Sharpe11 found priorities and concerns relating to matters of â€Å"love, marriage, husbands, children, jobs and careers, more or less in that order†. A similar study ten years later, of roughly a hundred 15-16 year olds from a bigger variation of class and ethnicity got a somewhat similar result12. Hartnett, although not scribing specifically of teenage years puts forward the idea of a system whereby gender roles are shared out as sex-roles. Gender divisions are created by the assignment of quite opposite personality traits, uneven distribution of activity and social value, which accompanies this. 13 A hundred years ago, Engels14 observed many disturbing elements of the ‘traditional’ family life which in the past number of decades those of the Marxist-Feminist Perspective have found recurring. The connections between patriarchy and the labour system are too pervading during the attempt to form gender norms and values. The impact of domestic labour on capitalist economy shows the girls the map to the kitchen while the ideological role family provides society, conditions the lads off to the factory15. The development of these gender roles and identities is as the marker is no doubt aware, annoyingly pessimistic, in as far as the bulk of the writings. Many of the studies on these matters are by women and the imbalance is. Anna Pollert’s report on working classes is a far more encouraging scales balance. Pollert print is of the transit of women to manual labour, â€Å"immediately painfully aware of the dehumanisation, the mind-destroying emptiness of their jobs†16 Pollert states that chaps readily embrace employment, and are by default blind to this effect. You read "Assess the part played by socialisation in the development of gender roles and identities" in category "Papers" Returning to biological relativity (for the time of a paragraph) and the impact of gender based identity adoption, Seligman stalks the passive and submissive element to find out that they have ‘learnt helplessness’. Seligman attempts a through connection that implies the encouragement of acts of dependency are appropriate values for a women. That women are culturally prepared to diffuse stress through the act of sharing is backed up by cultural-behavioural analyses and gender differentials in mortality and morbidity. 17 The dull, tedious nature of housework is also often fulfilling, and Oakley comments upon how there is little prestige to the work and role and a lack of bargaining power, Many married woman would agree with Oakley18 although views are constantly changing19 as the years do. The conclusion of symmetrical role balance20 (and thus symmetrical role identity) is one which Oakley solidly opposes, mostly on the grounds of it’s financial intimations. The labour-family issue is riddled with colourful concepts, valid and imaginative. J. Stacey’s postmodernist approach is favoured by this author, family and marriage based on relationship needs21. Views are valid regarding individual selection. Social action, social positivism. The power of suggestion. Few community analysts are absolute in their judgements, open to questioning their own theories, findings and interpretations. Critics are never rare. There are a number of challengers to these documentations of gender identity. The area of ‘Masculinity’ is of primary interest as it is one that suffers from overlook in the social studies foremost represented. I’ve already covered men’s identities as boys in earlier pages of this assignment, so I’ll proceed directly to the part of education, central to the role of socialisation as it is. Marsha Jones in Sociology Review a few years back noted that equal opportunities have been so implemented that researcher concerns now focus upon the lack of educational achievement amongst boys. Jones findings are based on a statistical analysis: recent GCSE results and she goes on to comment on an increase in truancy amongst working class boys22. With regards to the tertiary socialiser (the mass media), Moore and his colleague, the unique Dave Sim23 have often noted that male entertainment media teaches that ‘character only comes through conflict’. With a patriarchy n place and males behind the camera and in front of it, this quote from W. Farrell’s ‘The Myth of Male Power’ could as easily apply, â€Å"It has been mainly men who have died for their country – and they have had little choice in the matter. Men do the worst jobs: they dies sooner: their lives are given less value (women and children come first): they suffer legal discrimination (eg. Custody of children): their traditional role of breadwinner is misleadingly called ‘power’ (power is about the ability to control one’s life, not the obligation to earn money) Men have been opposed and damaged by gender roles. The wound that unifies all men is their disposability: as soldiers, workers, fathers. â€Å"24 As women are encouraged to go from education to domestic life quickly, men are expected to go from secondary level education to work just as fast. With regards to family, modern scientific revelations in the media, have built a social construct that whispers to man that biologically they are becoming obsolete, as sperm donators. Rising divorce rates and separation rates have meant lone parents. Rising divorce rates and separation rates have meant lone parents and absentee fathers , hardly cause for surprise when traditional roles are weighed up. ‘Feckless Fathers’ who refuse to pay child support, adherents to the New Right policies police them as demons for the binding. 25 At the workplace, there is a decline of manual labour and the consequent increase in unemployment for working class men. Perhaps this is a result of women’s greater visibility there, coupled with man’s desire to make more of his short life, were he is expected to remain silent about his problems. â€Å"What? † I whisperscreamed in a public restaurant today, reading of D. Thomas â€Å"Not Guilty†26. In Britain in 1991, 3,007 men committed suicide (compared with 886 women, if comparison matters). Thomas goes onto calculate that males live lives 7% shorter than those of women. I find that bloody scary. Looking back to thirty years ago, the following attitudes were on that basis much more bleeding scarier and very very ugly. S. Brownmiller writing in 1975 finds â€Å"a pattern of coercive sexuality† were rape is a conscious conspiracy on the part of the male collective to keep all women in a state of fear27. Although statistical figures back up findings of domestic violence, such radical feminist outlooks in the seventies depicted men as a sex as monsters or oppressors. (Radical as Radical-militant-extremist). Around this time, Tolson identifies a ‘crisis of masculinity’, with males uncertain relating to their roles, and their cause containing ‘contradictions and turmoils28’. A. Dworkin in her study of porn found that it reinforced the ‘myth’ that women like to be dominated by men. There are however feminists who have taken different positions and advocate the pleasure gained from pornography and too, erotic displays. Dworkin attempts to form a causal link with domestic violence. Sadly plausible I guess estimate, but her statement that porn’s social impact desensitises men is valid though somewhat one-sided29. The following year, saw two more important commentaries and studies, which seem to indicate both genders advocating a wiser and stronger approach. Coote and Campbell30 addressed feminist calls to embrace ‘heterosexual chauvinism’ or ‘separatism’ by pointing out that those roles were as trappings. The aim of a ‘self-determining sexuality’ was given, with sexual preference and lifestyle down to individual choice. Goode31 states that most men were genuinely surprised by the discontent of women and slowly started adjusting to changing gender roles. Margaret Thatcher, the most powerful visible female role model in the UK had at this point begun to hint at her own secret agendas, lunacie, and sent masses of male troops off to the Falkland Islands to die. The final decade of the eighties saw sociological theory based on good research get into the intricacies of observing and observable gender norms and values. Carrigan et al32 identify hegemonic and subordinate masculine image in dominance. Wolf exposes the false ideology that is the beauty myth and it’s damaging effects such as the creation of inferiority complexes among older women. With the 1990s only recently ended, I am unable to form quite as crystallised a picture of gender socialisation developing as the years prior. At this point, I have no new studies to mention that haven’t already been mentioned in this chronology of gender norms and values. However, Farrell in his 1992 work suggests that that the world is both patriarchal and matriarchal and I quote a weighty note of advanced healthier optimism, â€Å"What we need is not a women’s movement or a men’s movement but a gender transition movement† As strong a signalling for positive socialisation if ever I’ve read one. How to cite Assess the part played by socialisation in the development of gender roles and identities, Papers

Economic Agricultural Statistics Essay Example For Students

Economic Agricultural Statistics Essay Essay #1: Agricultural Historical Statistics of the US When trying to come up with a good estimate for items such as total number of farms, average value of land per acre, and total farm population, the US Bureau of the Census had a rather arduous task of defining what is meant by the word farm. The Census Bureau outlined the definition of a farm but that figure varied from year to year. Most recently though a farm was found to be any place of less than 10 acres that had estimated sales of agricultural products of at least $250 per year. Places of 10 or more acres were considered farms as long as they sold agricultural products amassing $50 or more. To me this is not an accurate measurement because they were under the assumption that households who owned land and sold goods were to be labeled as farms. In all actuality though an elderly couple with an acre of land and a healthy garden could sell enough vegetables at their church sale to be counted as farmers and owners of a farm. This is obviously not the case. I do think that it is necessary to compromise somewhat on the definition of a farmer but still the person defined as a farmer should have his/her farm account for at least x%, perhaps 40%, of total income. This would be a more accurate measure of a typical farmer and not just a person who occasionally sells corn or strawberries. Other assumptions that the Census Bureau must have made were that the farmers would answer honestly to their questions and that they had an accurate account of their current inventory including newborns and exact acreage concerning pasture versus cropland just to name a few. Few farmers know exactly how many acres of beans they have planted or how many sheep they have until it is time to vaccinate or sell off some of their heard. A general estimate would probably be easier for them to give and consequently that is what the bureau received. By the measures that the Census Bureau used they had to have compromised on the actual value of a typical farm. This is because by their definition a billionaire with 5 acres of land whos wife sells 50 roses every year for $20 each would count as a farmer. His 5 acres and his $25,000,000 home would also count as a farm buildings which would is not really the case. Bibliography: .

6 Boundaries You Need to Protect at Work

6 Boundaries You Need to Protect at Work The pressure seems to be up these days, in almost every field. The workdays are longer, the weekends start to disappear. You might tell yourself you leave it at your desk, but then find yourself checking work emails on your phone at midnight before you fall asleep. Or worse, plugging in during vacation, when you’re supposed to be a million miles away from your job. But this kind of prolonged stress can actually be bad for both your health and your job performance. It is important to establish boundaries between the personal and the professional, to keep both parts of our lives healthy and productive.There are some things you simply do not owe to your employer. Here are 6 of them:1. Your HealthYour health is yours and only yours and only you can keep it up. It’s on you if the stress buildup happens so gradually that you don’t notice the effects of lack of sleep and hunching in your chair and not exercising or eating right. Before you turn into the office zombie, m ake sure to set up a routine that works for you. And make sure it includes work/life balance, mental space, rest time, and exercise. Once you make your plan, don’t let that one extra email from your boss derail it. Stick to your guns.2. Your FamilyWe all want to work harder to be able to support our families- make that little extra bit of money and push that little bit  further. But it can be easy to lose sight of how much you have to sacrifice to bring that extra home. Make sure you’re not sacrificing time. At the end of your life, you won’t regret not having that $8k raise. But you might regret not being home for dinner with your kids.3. Your SanityNo one can monitor this but you. And no boss should chip into your supply. Figure out what keeps you sane and balanced (hint: it’s probably your life outside of work) and make sure to claim both time and space for that. Know when it’s more productive to say no to a request, knowing you’ll work much better and harder if you’re relaxed and recharged and can tackle things afresh.4. Your IdentityWho you are is immensely important. What you do is only part of it- a big part, admittedly, but not everything. Keep in mind the things that are most important to you. Stay true to your values and maintain your integrity. This helps you keep your eye on the bigger picture in times of major stress at work.5. Your Professional ContactsYou owe your employer a lot. But your contacts from over the course of your career are yours. You can- and often should- share them with your company, but they are yours first and foremost and you must work to maintain them.6. Your IntegrityKeep your actions and beliefs in alignment, or you will feel horribly stressed and uncomfortable with the results. This is part of keeping the other five in check. Stay true to who you are and what you need and what you believe in. Act according to the best of yourself. If a boss asks you to compromise this, it might be time to find another boss.Remember: never underestimate the power of setting good boundaries.

Three Easy Steps to Guitar essays

Three Easy Steps to Guitar essays There are many joys in life but nothing compares to the shear sensation of playing guitar. Its a great hobby, chicks find it romantic, and experts even say it makes you smarter. Learning how to play the guitar is also very easy. All you need is a guitar, a pick and to follow the three basic steps of guitar. Step one deals with finding your musical influences and applying them to how you want to play. Your musical influence is found in your everyday lifestyle. When you get in your car, what is the first CD that you put in? What kind of music always draws your attention and makes you feel good? These are all part of how music has influenced your life. Musical influences are simply the way that you like your music, whether you like it soft or heavy, quiet or loud. Once youve found your influence, youre ready to find out how you want to play. This is very easy because how you want to play is also what you want to listen to. The two questions are both part of the way that you see music; in other words, they are your musical influences, after you have found your musical influence and how you want to play youre ready to learn the guitar basics. Guitar basics start by learning how to hold the guitar. First, where does the guitar go? While youre sitting down, place the guitar over your right thigh, to balance the weight of the guitar onto your leg. Second, where do your hands go? Take your right hand and place it over the body of the guitar, the part of the guitar that you put on your thigh. This is where you will strum the strings of the guitar. Now take your left hand and hook your arm under the neck of the guitar, the long slender part that extends out to your left. The key to all of this is to feel comfortable. Once you have learned how to hold the guitar, and then move on to basic skills. ...

Wtih reference to this statement, describe how specific uses of ICT Essay

Wtih reference to this statement, describe how specific uses of ICT may be applied to 2 qualtiy initiatives in your area. Discuss how the application of these - Essay Example With the escalating demands of patients information was recognized as the foundation of efforts to cause improvement in the quality of care. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was employed to increase efficiency, effectiveness and appropriateness of health care. Introduction of ICT caused positive impact on health care organizations and health care professionals. In Health Information : a National Strategy (2004) it was stated that, ICT offers many ways to make the health service more people-centered, improve the quality and safety of care, help staff to make better use of their time and expertise and promote greater efficiency. Today, electronic patient record system has led to fast and easy access to patient information. The current trend of using internet facility for communication between the practitioner and patient has contributed to better patient satisfaction and improved outcomes. Recording the patient initial assessment and response to treatment, recording the p lan of care with multi media has helped nurses immensely. In 1990’s, government decided to change its policies and increase its expenditure on health care to provide optimum health care to its citizens. The importance of improving the quality of care was recognized and appropriate measures were suggested. In the Quality and Fairness : a health system for you (2001) the Department of health and children proposed to implement a structured set of planned and systematic activities such as documentation, training and review to improve performance and prevent problems. Further, it was decided to employ evidence based practice

Incentive Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incentive Plan - Assignment Example During the period 2001-2005 which was considered the worst period for airlines it still made money on each and every year. A key to its success is keeping its planes full by capturing enough flying passengers. However, there is one other key aspect of its success that is rarely talked about and that is its incentive plan for its employees. Southwest Airlines has an outstanding corporate culture that encourages all its employees to render extra services to make flying with them a satisfactory experience. The founder of Southwest Airlines, Mr. Herb Kelleher, attributes the airline’s success to its unique culture that is intangible and hard to imitate by its competitors. It is this spirit of competitiveness that has propelled the airline forward to continuous profits over the years. In this regard, the airline adopts the total rewards style of management that recognizes employee performance (Jenses, McMullen & Stark, 2007, p. 61). The management uses incentive plans so that it gets employee buy-in and total commitment to its corporate objectives. The purpose of the program is to attract and retain top talent. Southwest Airlines has one of the longest hiring policies that lasts up to about six weeks through a series of tests and interviews to make sure that prospective employees fit into its fun culture termed as â€Å"LUV† as hiring managers emphasize work attitudes more than work skills. Once hired, employees are expected to help keep costs down so the airline will remain profitable despite its low fares. A reason why Southwest is profitable is because its employees are very productive, using a ratio of passengers per employee (Southwest: 2,400:1, United: 1,175:1 & Continental: 1,125:1). All employees of Southwest Airlines are eligible for its incentive plan which is profit-sharing. In fact, the firm implemented the first

Development of Primary Health Organizations in New Zealand

Development of Primary Health Organizations in New Zealand Body The delivery of healthcare services to the people in every nation had always been a problem for the government considering there are a lot of factors affecting its delivery. New Zealand is an example of a government which delivers healthcare to its citizens and permanent residents through public subsidies and private insurance. Even with the help of private insurance, there still exist a number of problems faced by the government. These problems revolve in the availability and accessibility of healthcare services. New Zealand has its concerns and these barriers to healthcare can be categorized into four: economic barriers, utilisation and socio-economic status, interplay of material, cultural and geographic factors, and the implications for the wider health system (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). All of these factors have had an implication in the shaping of the national healthcare policy. The social and economic inequality within New Zealand has widen substantially, thus new initiatives have been made to address such problems. The government has learned its lessons from the previous health system and is now undergoing constant changes and improvements. The policy formulated is now more focused on cooperative over competitive models of service provision and giving emphasis on the delivery of primary care as the key in achieving its goal of health for all and as a sign of overall improvement in the health system (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Ref: Barnett, R., Barnett, P. (April 3, 2003). Primary Health Care in New Zealand: Problems and Policy Approaches. Retrieved from https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj21/21-primary-health-care-in-new-zealand-pages49-66.html Evidence of New Zealand’s attempts to develop better equitable policies was the implementation of New Zealand Health Strategy and Primary Health Care Strategy (Minister of Health, 2001). The former had anticipated new arrangements and have chosen district health boards (DHBs) to implement these new policies. Within the charter of DHBs is the Primary Health Care Strategy (more recent) that suggests new organisational structures. This newly proposed structure is known as primary health organisations (PHOs), to solve problems relating to accessibility and availability in the provision of healthcare services. Moreover, primary health organisations address the lack of co-ordination between health providers. Although the district health boards (DHBs) are well established and setting up of Primary health organisations is going well, there still lies uncertainty about achieving equity in the provision of health (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Economic Barriers to Primary Health Care in New Zealand Just like in many other developed countries, the economic restructuring in New Zealand and the abolishment welfare state had led to the increase incidence of poverty (Waldegrave et al. 1995, Jamieson 1998) and socio-economic disparities in health (Ministry of Health, 2000). In the beginning with the legislation of Social Security in 1938, medical services have been provided as free of service to the people through government subsidies. However, it is also true that the subsidies did not cover 100% of the total cost of patient care. At first the effect to the masses was minor during 1970s where there is â€Å"long boom† of prosperity in New Zealand. Then again, in 1980 the utilisation of the GP and other health services from the ethnic groups, including the positive class are diminishing due to the economic restructuring and growing cost of doctor fees (Gribben 1992, Barnett and Kearns 1996). Utilisation and Socio-Economic Status The utilisation of health services according to socio-economic status is mixed in New Zealand. A recent survey from the National Health Survey 1996/97 (Ministry of Health 1999) reports that people with low-income status are more likely to have a higher frequency of visits to General Practitioner than families from a more affluent areas or people with a higher income. However, the results from the survey shows that people living in a less well-off area have a late seeking behaviour and less visits to GPs because of cost. Key results from the survey are as follows: People had continued to express their dissatisfaction towards the cost of GP fees. The percentage of patients who considered the GPs fee expensive as â€Å"too high† or â€Å"far too high† rose from 32.3% to 68.3% from people paying $10 – $14 and $15 $19 and some rose to 90% from people paying $25 or more (Fergusson et al. 1989). Patients with financial difficulties in obtaining health services opt to have a number of strategies, both active and passive, such as; late seeking behaviour of care, delay in obtaining medication and seeking financial help from GPs (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Patients frequently change their doctors even when they don’t want to. The introduction of Community Service Card (CSC) in 1992 is relatively ineffective in accessing the health provision of care. There is a high level of unmet need among CSC population. The reason for a rising unmet needs among the population group was partly due to low usage by those entitled and the stigma attached to it (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Interplay of Material, Cultural and Geographic Factors Low utilisation of health services in relation to health needs cannot be attached to cost alone. According to Barnett et al. (2003) it is also because of the interplay of factors; material, cultural and geographic factors. It was proved in a survey that MÄ ori and low-income New Zealanders have a low rate of GP utilisation given that the centres where set up to provide service in a low-income population. The health centres were there to improve access to care to MÄ ori and low-income populace. The cost for the provision of service was reduced as compared to the average cost. It was clear in the survey that financial barrier was not the reason but rather cultural values and expectations as well as the benefits from the services rendered (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). It is also important to consider the geographic factors in understanding the levels of GP utilisation. There is a strong relationship between distance and patterns of use in both hospital and GP services; it is also not surprising that there is a sub pattern to it. People with poorer population have a 30% less expenditure or budget in health as compared to the well-off population with 40% over funding as computed by the Health Funding Authority (Malcolm 1998b). It shows that the basing on the budget in each region, the number of GP available is also dependent on the budget, thus with low budget comes less number of available GP and health centres while areas with higher budget comes a larger number of GPs available (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Implications for the wider health system New Zealand research had been focused on the different patterns in GP and hospitalisation utilisation. However, there is also another reason that can be attributed to the low health status among low-income population in the access of health care services. There is a relationship between patient admission and average length of hospital stay. Reducing the average length of stay contributes in the increased rate of readmissions within the poor (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). One factor that might have an effect in the rate of readmissions among the poor is that the access to primary care is prevented by circumstances such as distance, cost and availability of the service itself. It is said that the importance of primary care is great in reducing or limiting hospitalisation (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Primary Health Organisation Model To address the problems New Zealand has in the delivery of health care and to provide equity to all, new initiatives were created. The development of primary care organisations (PHOs) created new frameworks for health service delivery and an avenue for change. Not only it involves the general practitioner and the community but it includes a wide variety of health providers to achieve the goal of giving equity in the access of health care provision. PHOs are a broad based organisation comprised of many primary care providers. These providers include midwives, iwi groups, and non-government organisations aside from General Practitioners. The new system is locally based, funds were computed through the affected population and PHOs are given an important role in formulating new public health initiatives. Partnership with MÄ ori and with Pacific communities is expected and where if needed, Ethnic group representation in the governance is allowed (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Potential Benefits of PHOs Upon the development of Primary Health Organisations, there are three potentials benefits that can be gained. One would be the likelihood of improving the population health is higher as compared to before, the rate of hospital admission will decrease and an empowerment to both the health providers and the consumer. Although after the introduction of capitation, in itself, is not an assurance of an improved population health and access to health. However, there are evidence claiming that a country with strong primary health care and a fewer barriers to healthcare accessibility have a better health outcomes (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). A better primary health care have another advantage of potentially reducing the rate of admissions in hospitals. It is an important factor in determining health outcomes in New Zealand, given the case that it has a high rate of hospital admissions. With higher rate of admissions means higher hospital expenditure for the government. Although, there is no clear relationship between access to primary care and hospital admissions, there exist evidence that shows a reduction in healthcare cost reduces Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) admissions just like in the United States. Some studies in New Zealand back it up with data showing after the removal of patient charges for consultation; a significant decline in hospitalisation was seen (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Lastly, with the development of primary health organisations with a greater emphasis in community will have the potential in increasing social empowerment in the poorer and disadvantage populations. This is important because cultural and economic barriers influence health seeking behaviour of an individual. Moreover, with the goal of fostering a broader links between health organisations, the potential of having a more holistic and social model of health is made. It has the possibility of not only improving the access to care but also other social conditions that foster inequalities in health (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). Conclusion The development of the Primary Health Care Strategy and the recent move toward the development of PHOs in New Zealand has the potential to improve equity of access to care, reduce unnecessary hospitalisation and improve overall population health. It represents a fundamental shift in national primary health care policy away from an individual to a population focus (although this has been emerging among primary care organisations for some time), and from fee-for-service to a funding approach stressing capitation with reduced co-payments, with inter-regional distribution of funds based on population need. The potential is for a fairer system of primary health care where services will be more freely available to those in need (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). However, improved equity of access may be difficult to achieve, given the problems and risks in developing PHOs. In New Zealand these include fragmentation of providers, inadequate attention to the regional sensitivity of allocation formulas, concern over the extent to which funding should be based on individuals or areas, and the extent to which full participation of both providers and the public is secured. Given the significant additional investment by the government, PHOs will need to demonstrate not only fairer access to primary care reductions in health inequalities, but also improvements in population health overall (Barnett R. and Barnett P. 2003). . Gribben, B. (1992) Do access factors affect utilisation of general practitioners in South AucklandNew Zealand Medical Journal, 105:453-455. Barnett, J.R. and R.A. Kearns (1996) Shopping around?: Consumerism and the use of private accident and medical clinics in Auckland, New ZealandEnvironment and Planning A,28:1053-1075. Waldegrave, C., R.J. Stephens and P. Frater (1995)Most Recent Findings of the New Zealand Poverty Measurement Project, The Family Centre, Lower Hutt. Minister of Health (2001a)Minimum Requirements for Primary Health Organisations, Minister of Health, Wellington. Minister of Health (2001b)The New Zealand Health Strategy, Minister of Health, Wellington. Jamieson, K. (1998)Poverty and Hardship in Christchurch, Christchurch City Council, Christchurch.

Carrie Chapter Fifteen

Q. What is your address? A. I got a room over the pool hall. That's where I work. I mop the floors, vacuum the tables, work on the machines-pinball machines, you know. Q. Where were you on the night of May twenty-seventh at 10.30 P.M., Mr Quillan? A. Well . . . actually, I was in a detention cell at the police station. I get paid on Thursdays, see. And I always go out and get bombed. I go out to The Cavalier, drink some Schlitz, play a little poker out back. But I get mean when I drink. Feels Eke the Roller Derby's going on in my head. Bummer, hub? Once I conked a guy over the head with a chair and Q. Was it your habit to go to the police station when you felt these fits of temper coming on? A. Yeah. Big Otis, he's a friend of mine. Q. Are you referring to Sheriff Otis Doyle of this county? A. Yeah. He told me to pop in any time I started feeling mean. The night before the prom, a bunch of us guys were in the back room down at The Cavalier playing stud poker and I got to thinking Fast Marcel Dubay was cheating. I would have known better sober – a Frenchman's idea of pullin' a fast one is to look at his own cards – but that got me going. I'd had a couple of beers, you know, so I folded my hand and went on down to the station. Plessy was catching, and he locked me right up in Holding Cell number 1. Plessy's a good boy. I knew his mom, but that was many years ago. Q. Mr Quillan, do you suppose we could discuss the night of the twenty-seventh? 10:30 P.M.? A. Ain't we? Q. I devoutly hope so. Continue. A. Well, Plessy locked me up around quarter to two on Friday morning, and I popped right Off to sleep. Passed out, you might say. Woke up around four o'clock the next afternoon, took three Alka-Seltzers, and went back to sleep. I got a knack, that way. I can sleep until my hangover's all gone. Big Otis says I should find out how I do it and take out a patent. He says I could save the world a lot of pain. Q. I'm sure you could, Mr Quillan. Now when did you wake up again? A. Around ten o'clock on Friday night. I was pretty hungry, so I decided to go get some chow down at the diner. Q. They left you all alone in an open cell? A. Sure. I'm a fantastic guy when I'm sober. In fact, one time Q. Just tell the committee what happened when you left the cell. A. The fire whistle went of, that's what happened. Scared the beJesus out of me. I ain't heard that whistle at night since the Viet Nam war ended. So I ran upstairs and sonofabitch, there's no one in the office. I say to myself, hot damn, Plessy's gonna get it for this. There's always supposed to be somebody catching, in case there's a callin. So I went over to the window and looked out. Q. Could the school be seen from that window? A. Yeah. People were running around and yelling. And that's when I saw Carrie White. Q. Had you ever seen Carrie White before? A. Nope. Q. Then how did you know it was she? A. That's hard to explain. Q. Could you see her clearly? A. She was standing under a street light, by the fire hydrant on the corner of Main and Spring. Q. Did something happen? A. I guess to Christ. The whole top of the hydrant exploded of three different ways. Left, right, and straight up to heaven. Q. What time did this †¦ uh †¦ malfunction occur? A. Around twenty to eleven. Couldn't have been no later. Q. What happened then? A. She started downtown. Mister, she looked awful. She was wearing some kind of party dress, what was left of it, and she was all wet from that hydrant and covered with blood. She looked like she just crawled out of a car accident. But she was grinning. I never saw such a grin. It was like a death's head. And she kept looking at her hands and rubbing them on her dress, trying to get the blood off and thinking she'd never get it off and how she was going to pour blood on the whole town and make them pay. It was awful stuff Q. How would you have any idea what she was thinking? A. I don't know. I can't explain. Q. For the remainder of your testimony, I wish you would stick to what you saw, Mr Quillan. A. Okay. There was a hydrant on the corner of Grass Plaza, and that one went, too. I could see that one better. The big lug nuts on the sides were unscrewing themselves. I saw that happening. It blew, just like the other one. And she was happy. She was saying to herself, that'll give 'em a shower, that'll †¦ whoops, sorry. The fire trucks started to go by then, and I lost track of her. The new pumper pulled up to the school and they started on those hydrants and saw they wasn't going to get no water. Chief Burton was hollering at them, and that's when the school exploded. Je-sus. Q. Did you leave the police station? A. Yeah. I wanted to find Plessy and tell him about that crazy broad and the fire hydrants. I glanced over at Teddy's Amoco, and I seen something that made my blood run cold. All six gas pumps was off their hooks. Teddy Duchamp's been dead since 1968, God love him but his boy locked those pumps up every night just like Teddy himself used to do. Every one of them Yale padlocks was hanging busted by their hasps. The nozzles were laying on the tarmac, and the automatic feeds was set on every one. Gas was pouring out on to the sidewalk and into the street. Holy mother of God, when I seen that, my balls drew right up. Then I saw this gay running along with a lighted cigarette. Q. What did you do? A. Hollered at him. Something like Hey! Watch that cigarette! Hey, don't, that's gas! He never heard me. Fire wrens and the town whistle and cars rip-assing up and down the street, I don't wonder. I saw he was going to pitch it, so I started to duck back inside. Q. What happened next? A. Next? Why, next thing, the Devil came to Chamberlain †¦ When the buckets fell, she was at first only aware of a loud, metallic clang cutting through the music, and then she was deluged in warmth and wetness. She closed her eyes instinctively. There was a grunt from beside her, and in the part of her mind that had come so recently awake, she sensed brief pain. (tommy) The music came to a crashing, discordant halt, a few voices hanging on after it like broken strings, and in the sudden deadness of anticipation, filling the gap between event and realization, like doom, she beard someone say quite clearly: ‘My God, that's blood.' A moment later, as if to ram the truth of it home, to make it utterly and exactly clear, someone screamed. Carrie sat with her eyes closed and felt the black bulge of terror rising in her mind. Momma had been right, after all. They had taken her again gulled her again, made her the butt again. The horror of it should have been monotonous, but it was not; they had gotten her up here, up here in front of the whole school, and had repeated the shower-room scene †¦ only the voice had said (my god that's blood) something too awful to be contemplated. If she opened her eyes and it was true, oh, what then? What then? Someone began to laugh, a solitary, affrightened hyena sound, and she did open her eyes, opened them to see who it was and it was true, the final nightmare, she was red and dripping with it, they had drenched her in the very secretness of blood, in front of all of them and her thought (oh†¦i †¦ COVERED- with it) was coloured a ghastly purple with her revulsion and her shame. She could smell herself and it was the stink of blood. the awful wet, coppery smell. In a flickering kaleidoscope of images she saw the blood running thickly down her naked thighs, hear the constant beating of the shower on the tiles, felt the soft patter of tampons and napkins against her skin as voices exhorted her to plug it UP, tasted the plump, fulsome bitterness of horror. They had finally given her the shower they wanted. A second voice joined the first, and was followed by a third – girl's soprano giggle – a fourth, a fifth, six, a dozen, all of them, all laughing. Vic Mooney was laughing. She could see him. His face was utterly frozen, shocked, but that laughter issued forth just the same. She sat quite still, letting the noise wash over her like surf They were still all beautiful and there was still enchantment and wonder, but she had crossed a line and now the fairy tale was green with corruption and evil. In this one she would bite a poison apple, be attacked by trolls, be eaten by tigers. They were laughing at her again. And suddenly it broke. The horrible realization of how badly she had been cheated came over her, and a horrible, soundless cry (they're LOOKING at me) tried to come out of her. She put her hands over her face to hide it and staggered out of the chair. Her only thought was to run, to get out of the light, to let the darkness have her and hide her. But it was like trying to run through molasses. Her traitor mind had slowed time to a crawl; it was as if God had switched the whole scene from 78 rpm to 33 1/3. Even the laughter seemed to have deepened and slowed to a sinister bass rumble. Her feet tangled in each other, and she almost fell of the edge of the stage. She recovered herself, bent down, and hopped down to the floor. The grinding laughter swelled louder. It was like rocks rubbing together. She wanted not to see, but she did see; the lights were too bright and she could see all their faces. Their mouths, ,their teeth, their eyes. She could see her own gorestreaked hands in front of her face. Miss Desjardin was running toward her, and Miss Desjardin's face was filled with lying compassion. Carrie could we beneath the surface to where the real Miss Geer was giggling and chuckling with rancid old-maid ribaldry. Miss Desjardin's mouth opened and her voice issued forth, horrible and slow and deep: ‘Let me help you, dear. Oh I am so sor-‘ She struck out at her (flex) and Miss Desjardin went flying to rattle off the wall at the side of the stage and fall into a heap. Carrie ran. She ran through the middle of them. Her hands were to her face but she could see through the prison of her fingers, could see them, how they were, beautiful, wrapped in light, swathed in the bright, angelic robes of Acceptance. The shined shoes, the clear faces, the careful beauty-parlour hairdos, the glittery gowns. They stepped back from her as if she was plague, but they kept laughing, then, a foot was stuck slyly out (o yes that comes next o yes) and she fell over on her hands and knew and began to crawl, to crawl along the floor with her blood-clotted hair hanging in her face, crawling like St Paul on the Damascus Road, whose eyes had been blinded by the light. Next someone would kick her ass. But no one did and then she was scrabbling to her feet again. Things began to speed up. She was out through the door, out into the lobby, then flying down the stairs that she and Tommy had swept up so grandly two hours ago. (tommy's dead full price paid full price for bringing a plague into the place of light) She went down them in great, awkward leaps, with the sound of the laughter flapping around her like black birds. Then, darkness. She fled across the school's wide front lawn, losing both of her prom slippers and fleeing barefoot The closely cut school lawn was like velvet, lightly dusted with dewfall, and the laughter was behind her. She began to calm slightly. Then her feet did tangle and she fell at full length out by the flagpole. She lay quiescent, breathing raggedly, her hot face buried in the cool grass. The tears of shame began to flow, as hot and as heavy as that first flow of menstrual blood had been. They had beaten her, bested her, once and for all time. It was over. She would pick herself up very soon now, and sneak home by the back streets, keeping to the shadows in case someone came looking for her, find Momma, admit she had been wrong (! NO !) The steel in her- and there was a great deal of it suddenly rose up and cried the word out strongly. The closet? The endless, wandering prayers? The tracts and the cross and only the mechanical bird in the Black Forest cuckoo clock to mark off the rest of the hours and days and years and decades of her life? Suddenly, as if a videotape machine had been turned on in her mind, she saw Miss Desjardin running toward her, and saw her thrown out of her way like a rag doll as she used her mind on her, without even consciously thinking of it. She rolled over on her back, eyes staring wildly at the stars from her painted face. She was forgetting (! THE POWER !) It was time to teach them a lesson. Time to show them a thing or two. She giggled hysterically. It was one of Momma's pet phrases. (momma coming home putting her purse down eyeglasses flashing well i guess i showed that elt a thing or two at the shop today) There was the sprinkler system. She could turn it on, turn it on easily. She giggled again and got up, began to walk barefoot back toward the lobby doors. Turn on the sprinkler system and close all the doors. Look in and let them see her looking in, watching and laughing while the shower ruined their dresses and their hairdos and took the shine off their shoes. Her only regret was that it couldn't be blood. The lobby was empty. She paused halfway up the stairs and FLEX, the doors all slammed shut under the concentrated force she directed at them the pneumatic door-closers snapping of. She heard some of them scream and it was music, sweet soul music. For a moment nothing changed and then she could feel them pushing against the doors, wanting them to open. The pressure was negligible. They were trapped (trapped) and the word echoed intoxicatingly in her mind. They were under her thumb, in her power. Power! What a word that was! She went the rest of the way up and looked in and George Dawson was smashed up against the glass, struggling, pushing, his face distorted with effort. There were others behind him, and they all looked like fish in an aquarium. She glanced up and yes, there were the sprinkler pipes, with their tiny nozzles like metal daisies. The pipes went through small holes in the green cinderblock wall. There were a great many inside, she remembered. Fire laws, or something. Fire laws. In a flash her mind recalled (black thick cords like snakes) the power cords strung all over the stage. They were out of the audience's sight, hidden by the footlights, but she had had to step carefully over them to get to the throne. Tommy had been holding her arm. (fire and water) She reached up with her mind, felt the pipes, traced them Cold; full of water. She tasted iron in her mouth, cold wet metal, the taste of water drank from the nozzle of a garden hose. Flex For a moment nothing happened. Then they began to back away from the doors, looking around. She walked to the small oblong of glass in the middle door and looked inside. It was raining in the gym. Carrie began to smile. She hadn't gotten all of them, only some. But she found that by looking up at the sprinkler system with her eyes, she could trace its course more easily with her mind. She began to turn on more of the nozzles, and more. Yet it wasn't enough. They weren't crying yet, so it wasn't enough (hurt them then hurt them) There was a boy up on the stage by Tommy, gesturing wildly and shouting something. As she watched, he climbed down and ran toward the rock band's equipment. He caught hold one of the microphone stands and was transfixed. Carrie watched, amazed, as his body went through a nearly motionless dance of electricity. His feet shuffled in the water, his hair stood up in spikes, and his mouth jerked open, like the mouth of a fish. He looked funny. She began to laugh. (by christ then let them all look funny) And in a sudden, blind thrust, she yanked at all the power she could feel.

Ethical and Legal Issues

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Over the last several decades, professional nursing has evolved and changed because of the influence of ethical and legal issues. There may be a variety of reasons for the changes. Examples in changes are advances in medical technology, legal changes about abortion and euthanasia, a push toward patient rights and litigation, and ever decreasing resources in which to provide nursing care. With all these influences affecting care, it has become increasingly difficult to have a true understanding of the direction nursing should take when faced with moral, ethical, and legal issues. Examination of personal moral and ethics along with utilization of available resources will no doubt aid nurses in sorting out feelings, strategizing for the patient and families, and providing guidance to give the best care possible. One resource available is the American Nurses Association, they have developed a code of ethics that should act as a guide in directing care and solving the ethical and legal dilemmas that surface. When applying the code of ethics resource; nurses can assist their patients families in making informed decisions as well as understand their own and their colleague’s responsibilities. By examining two case scenarios, the first involving end of life decisions, the second involving nursing conduct, the application of the code of ethics, the legal aspects, and the nurses responsibilities would be better understood. It is prudent to begin by examining the legal responsibilities of the nurse in the work setting. A Registered Nurse carries a legal responsibility in the work setting. A nurse has a commitment to the safety of the patient and must be aware of inappropriate practice. All nurses have ethical duties to the patients they serve. According to the American Nurses Association; a nurse â€Å"promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient† (ANA, 2001, p. 18). If an action is taken that poses harmful effect on a patient’s health this needs to be immediately reported to a higher authority within the workplace or if necessary to a suitable outside authority. A nurse must be accountable for his or her individual nursing practice. The nurse’s duty is to identify anyone with questionable practice. All workplaces have guidelines set in place for these types of events. A nurse should concern herself about repercussions when reporting unethical practice. A nurse should be familiar and compliant with his or her state’s nurse practice act and his or her workplace policies applicable practice standards of care for each clinical area. In the malpractice exercise the nurse was observed on several occasions violating standards of care. The occurrences were reported immediately through the chain of command which in this case was administration. After anecdotal notes were kept by the nurse, she should prepare written documentation, including the time and location of the incident and names of any witnesses. Time should be taken to think about the incident and write down all important points that come to mind, who and, when, she notified in administration and what was told to them. This way everything would be in order and accessible if you need to recall when answering questions. Be honest and truthful if there is something you cannot remember you, state that you do not recall. There should be no disregard during this process, it is the ethical and legal duty of a nurse, as the patient advocate, to stand up, and protect the patient. Every nurse is equally responsible for his or her own actions. Responsibility also carries over to patients not under her direct care, the obligation for all patients. The incident was reported in the correct manner and she kept personal anecdotal records and upheld her ethical duties. Personal and societal views play a major role in the way a nurse views a current ethical situation. As nurses and as human beings, we each will have our own way of evaluating and assessing different circumstances that we are part of daily. No matter what kind of nursing or nursing experience that you may have, you cannot run from these trying predicaments. â€Å"Our ethical framework assists us when we experience serious ethical dilemmas† (Cameron & Salas, 2010, p. 655). In the case regarding Marianne, there are countless ways in which personal and societal values could have played a part. They could affect how the family would be viewed by society if they did not try everything to save their loved one, or how would it look if they went through with the surgery and it looked as if Marianne was experiencing torture. Ethical dilemmas are never straightforward and never with a right or wrong answer. It is our job as nurses to put aside our feelings and beliefs and to educate the family on all of the potential outcomes that may be expected. We must remember as health care providers, to be non-judgmental. When reviewing the case of Marianne, the significant legal aspect to consider is the lack of a Healthcare Power of Attorney and Living Will. Not possessing Marianne’s documented wishes creates a legal ethical dilemma and creates family conflict. The responsibility of deciding the future of Marianne’s care will fall on the family with guidance from the hospital’s Ethics Committee. The ANA Code of Ethics provides nurses with guidance in legal and ethical responsibilities. The code describes the obligation of treating patients and families with autonomy. Lachman describes the role of autonomy in nursing care: â€Å"patients have a moral and legal right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate, complete, and understandable information in a manner that facilitates an informed judgment; to be assisted with weighing the benefits, burdens, and available options in their treatment, including the choice of no treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without deceit, undue influence, duress, coercion, or penalty; and to be given necessary support throughout the decision-making and treatment process â€Å"(Lachman, 2009, p. 55). Providing autonomous nursing care to Marianne and her family will ensure all the options are presented. The family members place trust in the nurse to provide good care and be supportive, regardless of the decision they make for Marianne’s future. The trust placed on nurses includes responsibility to the patient and the institution ensuring policies are adhered to thus avoiding the possibilities of negligence. With trust, nurses have an obligation to society. Legally we are â€Å"responsible to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth† (ANA, 2001, p. 8). No matter the situation of the patient in regard to age, race, religion, economic status, etc. We are to treat each patient and family member with the same amount of respect. Both case studies The Nurse as the Witness and The Six Caps are unique in different ways. Nurses often have the tendency to develop close relationships with patients. Reminders may be ne eded often that the purpose of nursing is not friendship but to alleviate suffering, protect the patient, promote wellness, and to help restore the health. In Marianne’s case the legal responsibility of the nurse is to communicate all possibilities of Marianne’s care. The nurse in this situation has an obligation to provide all the information possible to help the family come to a decision in regard to Marianne’s life. Nurses are to be truthful and never withhold any information. No matter what a family or patient decides, the nurse is to advocate for that decision. Family decisions are not the function of nurse, no matter what the nature. There may be instances when a nurse will be a witness or perhaps a defendant. Medical professionals see many and unique situations some will have to be reported and investigated. Documentation is a huge legal aspect of nursing. It will be always important to document exactly what you do and see. Opinions and assumptions are not good practice for documentation purposes as this would not hold up in court and may sway decisions. The malpractice case regarding the nurse as the witness is a fine example of the need to be proficient in documentation. Months and years later, what is in writing is what will count. As nurses we know, if it was not documented, it did not happen! For this particular case study, the nurse was obligated to report exactly what she wrote about the nurse in question. That nurse has an obligation to report any suspicions of abuse and neglect to administration even repeatedly if necessary. In any situation, the nurse has an obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. It may have consequences but, the overall nurse’s responsibility is to keep the patient safe. Summing up, it is clear that nursing practice can be influenced by personal ethics and morals. The American Nurses Association’s code of ethics provides a guide for practice. When applied to a practical case, such as Marianne and her family, the code of ethics allows the nurse caring for here to remain professional and objective without letting her own feelings influence the family. The nurse has a responsibility to Marianne, her family and the employing institution. Overall, these guidelines extend throughout practice and are set in place to protect society. It becomes a mutual trust and is why nursing is held to such a high standard. References American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Washington, DC: ANA. Blais, K. K. , Hayes, J. S. , Kozier, B. , & Erb, G. (2006). Professional nursing practice. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Cameron, B. L. , & Salas, A. S. (2010). Ethical openings in practical home care practice. Nursing Ethics, 17(5), 655-665. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com Practical use of the nursing code of ethics: part I. Medsurg nursing: official journal of the academy of medical-surgical nurses, 18(1), 55-57. Retrieved  from  http://EBSCOhost

The Effects Of Binge Drinking On Teens - 1519 Words

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